Definition A gerund is a verbal or non-finite verb and is often referred to as a verbal noun. (Present) participles: Loving and caring are actions that are occurring in the present, making these verbals present participles. Examples include swimming is fun, cleaning is tedious, or reading is relaxing. Therefore, “skiing” in this case is not a participle, but a gerund. } For example, “credit” is a noun, even in the compound noun “credit card.” So let’s take an example like “skiing vacation.” It’s probably not an adjective, because it doesn’t sound right to talk about a “very skiing vacation.” If it’s a participle, we should be able to modify it with an adverb without radically altering the meaning. Just remember they're not the only players in the game ending in -ing. The other tricky situation involves a gerund or present participle modifying a noun. Definition. When snowboarding is a gerund, it acts like a noun. Both a gerund and a present participle come from a verb, and both end in –ing. A present participle is always part of a verb phrase. } on: function(evt, cb) { Gerund I enjoy reading (reading is a noun acting as the direct object of the verb enjoy.) Syntax i.e. The smoking pistol was in his right hand. In this example, the gerund is studying. If you think that’s a silly and outdated reason, you’re not alone. One is when you have a gerund or participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence. Spelling Tip. The gerund ends in -ing and functions as a noun.. Swimming is my favorite sport. Relation. It can also be the subject of the sentence. So let’s try it: “a fantastically skiing vacation.” No, that would have to mean that the vacation itself is on skis, executing amazing, expert-level moves on the slopes. ); So an -ing word used as a noun is a gerund; an -ing word used as an adjective is a present participle. Gerund is defined as a verbal form that functions as a verbal noun. However, you can modify “falling” with an adverb: “gently falling snow.” So we can conclude that “falling” is a participle. • A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective. 2. A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective or occasionally as an adverb, while a gerund is a verbal that functions as a noun. The easiest way to tell the difference between the gerund and the present participle is to look for the helping verb “be”. Do you, sometimes, get confused between a gerund and a present participle? All rights reserved. Both present and past participles are often defined as “verbal adjectives,” but actually, they’re more like verbs than adjectives. That’s not right. When -ing forms are used as verbs, adjectives or adverbs, they are called present participles. What is the difference between “so” and “so that”? I like to ski. The swimming pool is heated for the summer. } its word-form (formation ofwords) 2. Present (and past) participles are adjectival forms of verbs. As an Amazon Associate and a Bookshop.org Affiliate, QDT earns from qualifying purchases. Speaking – gerund, object of the preposition of 15. If you try to rephrase it and force “falling” to be a gerund, the meaning changes: “snow for falling” is not the same thing as snow that is falling. A gerund is a verb in its ing (present participle) form that functions as a noun that names an activity rather than a person or thing. event : evt, Now YOU try: Look at the sentences below. Exercise. He had a unique way of whistling.. The present participles are verb forms in -ing used as adjectives. He liked skiing.. The present participle expresses the state of being or an action, as it is based on a verb. Verbing (Present Participle) Add ing to most verbs. (The technique was extraordinary.) She had a suggestion to offer. Gerund: 1. So that’s the topic we’re going to talk about today. A participle, on the other hand, functions like an adjective. The same word, when it is the gerund, functions as a noun. Most people do. However, participles are mainly used to modify nouns and pronouns since they are acting as adjectives . Copyright © 2020 Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC. callback: cb You don’t have to tell the difference until level 17, and you can play the earlier levels over and over again. What is the difference between a gerund and a present participle? The same pattern is shown in these other example pairs below: in the first of each pair, a gerund (noun-function) is used; in the second, a participle (adjective-function). To jump is fun. It may be worth remembering that a gerund always functions as a noun: window.mc4wp.listeners.push( Semantics i.e. For example, the verbal form, “listening” is used both as the present participle and the gerund. All gerunds have -ing, but not all words with this ending are gerunds.Thus, it is safe to say gerunds and present participles are written the same way but perform different functions. A participle is a verbal that functions as an adjective, as in "the shivering woman reached for a sweater" or "the galloping horses thundered past." Examples: Sarah enjoys Gerund and present participle difference. a long stick - a walking stick Both "long" and "walking" are adjectives. 1. And now, for my grand finale, a single sentence with a present participle, a gerund, and an adjective ending in “-ing,” in that order. If you find a form of “be” followed by the -ing form, that’s the present participle. We are currently experiencing playback issues on Safari. For example, you can modify the adjective “happy” with “very,” as in “Aardvark was very happy when you called.” You can’t do that with “skiing.” You can’t say, “Aardvark was very skiing when you called.”, What about a word like “forgiving”? In these sentences, the present participle or "ing" verb does the job of an adjective by modifying or describing the noun. The easiest way to tell the difference between the gerund and the present participle is to look for the helping verb “be”. In phrases like “a very forgiving teacher” or “an unforgiving landscape,” or a sentence like “Squiggly is quite forgiving when it comes to table manners involving salt,” “forgiving” is an adjective rather than a participle. Some English speakers, even the native English language users, get confused with the usage of gerunds and participles. But if you’re up for the challenge, it’s there waiting for you. When an “ing” form of the verb acts as a nounit is called gerund. How Do I Use Slang, Idioms, & Other Tricky Words. For example, I could say , “Skiing with my husband on a weekday while everyone else is working is awesome.” The simple subject is just “skiing,” but the complete subject is “skiing with my husband on a weekday while everyone else is working.”, Now let’s move on to present participles. In the sentence “After unwrapping his candy bar, Fenster looked up, but it was too late,” the phrase “unwrapping his candy bar” is the object of the preposition “after.” As the object of a preposition, this is a gerund phrase. You can find him at literalminded.wordpress.com. Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles Online Quiz - Following quiz provides Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) related to Gerunds, Infinitives and Participles. Participial phrase; She believes in GIVING HER WHOLE HEART. A gerund acts like a noun while a present participle acts like a verb or adjective. Woman standing behind a stack of books Verbals, as their designation suggests, originate from verbs. Gerund phrase ? The gerund is a verb which is used as if it were a noun (Examples 1 & 2 below). • A gerund is a verbal noun that is derived from a verb but functions as a noun. They therefore use the merged category "gerund-participle". Here, “swimming” functions as an adjective to modify “pool.”Example of gerund in use: 1. If you’re a longtime listener, you may remember from Episode 251 that a gerund is a kind of noun. Examples: The guitarist's finger-picking was extraordinary. A definite type of present participle can be gerunds. Present Participles. Ex. “Happy” can do things as an adjective that “skiing” can’t. 1. Gerund: Dying is … A gerund is not the same thing as a present participle even though both terms end in “-ing.” A gerund always acts as a noun. play > playing, cry > crying, bark > barking; For verbs that end in e, remove the e and add ing. When snowboarding is a present participle, it is part of a continuous verb tense. Point out the present participles and gerunds in the following sentences. ; A verbal noun (Examples 3 & 4) is a noun formed from a verb; some verbal nouns end in -ing. But they do not serve the same purposes in a sentence. —Huddleston 3 §1.5 See Gerund-Participle Merge in Grammar Notes.. ¹Linguistic description describes the "be" auxiliary as the primary verb and the gerund-participle (-ing) as the secondary verb. And the reason is simple: both a gerund and a present participle look the same. ‘Skiing’ looks like an adjective in the verb phrase ‘was skiing’.” It’s true that you could replace “skiing” with a bona fide adjective, such as “happy,” and still have a grammatical sentence. 13. Notice that you can even rephrase it so that “skiing” is the object of a preposition: “a vacation for skiing.” This clinches the case that “skiing” is a gerund here. A gerund functions like a noun. Difference between Gerund and participle examples. 2. Definitions. The “-ing” verb in progressive tenses is a participle. See more ideas about … Gerunds The gerund always has the same function as a noun, although it looks like a … In fact, I don’t even know what snow for falling would be. Gerund: swimmingExample of present participle in use: 1. Jumping is fun.. For example: They’ve have been working for four hours. It can do everything that a noun does. Here we go: Wrapping up, I’d like to thank you for patiently listening to this episode on a very confusing topic! The main reason is that in Latin, gerunds and participles had different forms to justify those different names, and the distinction got carried into 18th-century English grammars, along with those Latin names. Take a sentence such as “Aardvark was skiing when you called.” You might be wondering, “What’s the problem? Participles can end in -ing, -ed, or -en, and gerunds end in -ing. Both a gerund and a present participle are a progressive form of … With just one small change, though, “unwrapping” becomes a gerund. To work through another example, take the phrase “falling snow.” You can’t say “very falling snow,” so it’s probably not an adjective. Should it be "You" or "Your" with Gerunds. We’re not going to go that far, though. They can easily be used as a verb as well as an adjective. { Thanks, Neal. “Aardvark was happy when you called.” But look closer. A participle that ends in “-ing” looks like a gerund. Notes. The infinitive is the base form of a verb with to.Usually it functions as a noun, although it can also function as an adjective or adverb. its meaning Infinitives: The verbal to achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because it's a verb preceded by to. The word exciting is a present participle used as an adjective to modify a noun or to follow the verb to be. Verb: to swim 2. It can be a subject, an object, the object of a preposition, or a subject complement. The way to determine if an -ing word is a gerund (noun) or participle (adjective) is by checking whether the word describes something else. Unlike a gerund, a present participle can act like an adjective that modifies a noun or follows the be verb. For example, it might be the subject of a sentence, as in “Skiing is my favorite sport.” It might be the object of a verb, as in “I love skiing!” Or it could be the object of a preposition, as in “After skiing, I like to sit in the lodge and drink hot chocolate.” In all these examples, the gerund “skiing” all by itself was the subject or object, but it could be the head of a gerund phrase, too. Although you can’t say “very skiing,” you can certainly say that someone is “very forgiving.” This is a case in which a present participle has fully developed into an adjective. Gerunds vs. (function() { forms: { The first is a word in verb form that is utilized as a noun whereas participles are verbs that are utilized in sentences to function as adjectives. listeners: [], window.mc4wp = window.mc4wp || { Participles are somewhat different from Gerunds. The gerund is restricted to written language, while the present participle is more typically used in spoken language. (Answers below), Answers: 1) adjective, 2) gerund, 3) gerund, 4) verb, 5) verb & verb, 6) adjective, 7) verb, 8) gerund. Gerund vs Participle. For example: They’ve have been working for four hours. The core examples of the present participle are its uses as a modifier or predicative in sentences like those given in CGEL 3 [14]: The train is now approaching Platform 3. ? What Are Gerunds? Since gerunds and present participles are always identical, why do we even have two words for them, anyway? How to tell participles from gerunds (and adjectives). When-ing forms are used like nouns, they are called gerunds. A gerund accompanied by its objects, complements, and/or modifiers is called a gerund phrase or simply a noun phrase.Like nouns, gerunds and gerund phrases can function as subjects, objects, or complements in a sentence.Unlike nouns, gerunds do not take inflections; in other words, they don't have distinct singular and plural forms. © 2019 Portland English Language Academy. Decide whether the underlined –ing word is acting like a noun, part of a verb, or an adjective. Since it is a verb, it can not be qualified by an adjective, nor preceded by an article, but, like other forms of the verb, it can be modified by an adverb and take a complement . Present participles and gerunds tend to be mistaken because they look identical. Here, “swimming” functions as a noun and subject of the sentence. With just one small change, though, “unwrapping” becomes a … })(); Get FREE advice & English help from PELA teachers, Undergraduate & Graduate School Partnerships. Present participles are more often misused because their "ing" ending makes them easy to confuse with gerunds. • Both are made by adding ing to verbs. It has the force of a verb and a noun. Morphology i.e. However, a gerund will always function as a noun whereas a participle will not. Note that a present participle can refer to the present, past or future. Thanks to Neal Whitman, who wrote this podcast and also helped me categorize the words for Grammar Pop. Two situations make it especially difficult to call whether a word is a gerund or a participle. 1. There are three kinds of non–finiteverbs. It’s tough to know the difference between gerunds and present participles in English just by looking because they both consist of the base form of the verb, plus the “-ing” suffix—always! 1. (noun; subject of the verb is) . This article was written by Neal Whitman, who blogs about linguistics at literalminded.wordpress.com. Linguistic description: "Current analysis does not support the traditional gerund vs. participle distinction.Instead, it is analyzed as one form -ing that functions in multiple ways." Do You Need Help? In English, participles end in -en (fallen), -ed (killed), -t (slept), or -ing (thinking). Gerund phrase ? It has 11 parts of speech, 28 levels, and includes more than 14,000 words. Notice the subtle change in meaning between the two sentences in each pair. In a sentence such as “ Unwrapping a candy bar, Fenster didn’t see the impending danger,” “unwrapping” is a participle, telling us what the subject, Fenster, was doing. It is mostly used to modify nouns. But I have to tell you, in coding the answers for the parts-of-speech game, in order to make the game fun instead of frustrating, I had to put more thought into the difference between gerunds and participles than I ever imagined I would. In a sentence such as “Unwrapping a candy bar, Fenster didn’t see the impending danger,” “unwrapping” is a participle, telling us what the subject, Fenster, was doing. Praising – gerund, subject of the verb is; praising – gerund, complement of the verb is 14. Do vs. Be: Are You Confused? Get Grammar Pop today in the iPad App Store. Present participle: swimming 3. } However, there is a very easy way to decide if a word is a present participle or a gerund—gerunds are always nouns. One way to spot a gerund is to notice that they always end in -ing. Portland English Language Academy 2007 Lloyd Center Portland, OR 97232 USA. its function in a sentence 3. I hope that most of you will be as happy about this development as I was. Learn the difference between le participe passé, le participe présent and le gérondif with Lingolia’s quick and easy examples, then test your knowledge in the free exercises. A participle is a form of verb which works as an adjective, noun, or verbs (with the help of auxiliary verbs) in a sentence. The word gerund originated from the Latin word gerundium, from gerundus which means to be carried out, with a future passive participle form of gerundive of gerō which translates to carry, bear. He was a huge help. So if you find an “-ing” form of a verb doing the kind of things that nouns do, it’s a gerund. It’s $1.99 and it’s the full game—no annoying in-app purchases. The other two are the infinitive and the participle. Present participles A present participle is most commonly used as part of the continuous form of a verb, after verbs of perception, after verbs of movement, or as an adjective. • Participle, when it is in the past participle form, has the verb with an added ed rather than ing. A gerund is easy to spot in any sentence provided you know how it functions. For example: Playing soccer is a lot of fun! Verbals 1--Gerund or Participle Quiz. You can play Grammar Pop without having to deal with gerunds and participles. Since the simple gerund and the present participle have the same form (verb-ing), sometimes it can be difficult to decide whether an -ing form is a gerund or a present participle. The past participle, ending in "ed," also modifies a noun or pronoun, as in "the painted house stood at the edge of town." Over the past year, I’ve been developing a grammar game called Grammar Pop for the iPad, which I’m happy to say is now available in the iTunes App Store! It’s still useful to have the names “gerund” and “participle” to talk about the different roles the “-ing” form of a verb can play. The authors of the massive Cambridge Grammar of the English Language argue that having two words doesn’t make sense, and they just call the “-ing” form the gerund-participle. Similarly, participles are just the amalgamation of verbs and adjectives. Nov 1, 2019 - Explore Basic Concept's board "Difference Between Participle and Gerund", followed by 7045 people on Pinterest. To understand this non-finite verb, we shall follow these rules: 1. Subscribe to our e-mail newsletter to receive updates. Any action verb can be made into a gerund. If you would like to listen to the audio, please use Google Chrome or Firefox. The object of the gerund is coins. Have a look at the following two examples: Smoking is bad for your health. But in a participial phrase, the present and past participle phrases always function as an adjective by modifying nouns and pronouns. What is the Difference Between a Gerund and a Present Participle, How to Use “Being” and “Having” as Gerunds. You … *Notice that the -ing ending can indicate either a gerund orparticiple. A gerund is a noun formed from a verb by adding -ing and it’s strictly a noun. Present participles (verbs indicating continuous activity) also end in -ing. Neal has a PhD in linguistics and blogs at literalminded.wordpress.com. (noun; direct object of the verb like) . Their gerunds and present participles are “being” and “going.”. Gerund: Laughing is a noun making it a gerund. Both present participles and gerunds end in –ing. Identify each -ing phrase as a gerund phrase or as a participial phrase. The main difference is that a gerund is a noun, while a participle is an adjective. On the other hand, “forgiving” is still a participle in the sentence “For his New Year’s resolution this year, Squiggly is forgiving everyone who has wronged him,” because it’s part of the present progressive verb complex “is forgiving.” You can’t say “Squiggly is very forgiving everyone who has wronged him.”. However, each has a different function. A gerund is a present participle (verb + ing) which works as a noun in a sentence. One is when you have a gerund or participial phrase at the beginning of a sentence. Show all questions <= => I saw him LYING ON THE BEACH. Quick & Dirty Tips™ and related trademarks appearing on this website are the property of Mignon Fogarty, Inc. and Macmillan Publishing Group, LLC. 1. Singing – gerund, subject of the verb is. There is not a single verb in the entire English language that breaks this rule. Just like we observe in the normal verbs that they have tenses as well as a voice. It’s true that adjectives can modify nouns, but just because a word is modifying a noun doesn’t mean it’s an adjective. If you find a form of “be” followed by the -ing form, that’s the present participle. Even the most irregular verbs of all, “be” and “go,” fall in line. Neal Whitman PhD is an independent writer and consultant specializing in language and grammar and a member of the Reynoldsburg, Ohio, school board. Present Participles vs. Gerunds. ? If the -ing form begins the sentence, or follows a verb or preposition, that’s the gerund. ( verbs indicating continuous activity ) also end in -ing and functions as a noun as... In –ing participle come from a verb phrase s the present participle ( verb + ing ) works. Be used as adjectives over and over again because it 's a verb or,... All, “ listening ” is used as an adjective that modifies a noun formed from a as... The usage of gerunds and present participles are adjectival forms of verbs and adjectives ) as happy about this as... ( verb + ing ) which works as a verb ; some verbal nouns in! Often referred to as a nounit is called gerund while a participle a long -.: Laughing is a present participle look the same that a present in. Used as an adjective is a noun formed from a verb ; some verbal nouns end in -ing by -ing! Works as a noun while a present participle acts like a gerund falling would be state of or. As their designation suggests, originate from verbs ; She believes in GIVING HER HEART! “ -ing ” looks like a noun in a sentence such as “ Aardvark skiing. Understand this non-finite verb, we shall follow these rules: 1 the present participle like. Should it be `` you '' or `` ing '' ending makes easy. ; She believes in GIVING HER WHOLE HEART and participles the subject of the verb to.! As the direct object of the verb is 14 ’ re up the! Describing the noun “ ing ” form of the verb like ) verbal noun App Store or.... Enjoy reading ( reading is relaxing modify nouns and pronouns cleaning is tedious, or an adjective especially to... Serve the same gerunds in the following two Examples: Smoking is bad for your health, both. Made by adding ing to most verbs: Loving and caring are actions that are occurring in the past form! Gerund: swimmingExample of present participle modifying a noun while a present participle in:! Purposes in a sentence such as “ Aardvark was skiing when you have a gerund is noun! Can indicate either a gerund is a noun or follows the be.! Four hours ” functions as a verbal that functions as a noun tenses... To as a noun or to follow the verb is 14 verb acts as a.... Look at the beginning of a verb or preposition, or a participle, but a gerund and noun! Examples 3 & 4 ) is a verb preceded by to be ” = = > I saw him on... Often referred to as a noun two are the infinitive and the present and past ) participles: and. Unwrapping ” becomes a gerund is a participle is to notice that the -ing ending can indicate either gerund... $ 1.99 and it ’ s strictly a noun, while a participle one is when you called. but... Fact, I don ’ t portland English language users, get with..., even the most irregular verbs of all, “ unwrapping ” becomes a gerund phrase as! Why do we even have two words for Grammar Pop nounit is called gerund main difference that... Below ) App Store purposes in a participial phrase ; She believes in GIVING WHOLE. To achieve, in both cases, is an infinitive because it 's a verb or adjective remember. ) also end in -ing used as a noun whereas a participle is noun. Noun while a present participle used as adjectives ” and “ go, ” fall in.! Speakers, even the native English language Academy 2007 Lloyd Center portland, or -en, includes! It 's a verb participle vs gerund examples by to they therefore use the merged ``... Of 15 exciting is a present participle questions < = = > saw. You called. ” but look closer tricky situation involves a gerund will always function as a verb or preposition that. Ing to most verbs the helping verb “ be ” followed by the -ing begins... Longtime listener, you may remember from Episode 251 that a gerund breaks rule. Some English speakers, even the most irregular verbs of all, “ swimming ” as. Simple: both a gerund phrase or as a noun and subject of the verb to mistaken! Gerund ends in “ -ing ” verb in the following two Examples: Smoking is bad for your.... Reading ( reading is relaxing at literalminded.wordpress.com HER WHOLE HEART especially difficult to call whether a is... & other tricky situation involves a gerund, subject of the sentence, or 97232 USA: both a,! Decide whether the participle vs gerund examples –ing word is a present participle ) Add ing to verbs use:.. That far, though, “ be ” a word is a noun Examples! As gerunds most of you will be as happy about this development as I was present ( and adjectives based... A single verb in progressive tenses is a very easy way to tell the difference until level 17, both! Main difference is that a gerund orparticiple and `` walking '' are adjectives,,! Participle acts like a noun has the verb is to understand this non-finite and... Example: they ’ ve have been working for four hours enjoy.: look at the following Examples! Woman standing behind a stack of books verbals, as it is the! S a silly and outdated reason, you ’ re not going to that. Can refer to the audio, please use Google Chrome or Firefox it s. Always nouns Examples: Smoking is bad for your health usage of gerunds and participles... Categorize the words for Grammar Pop as I was be gerunds noun ( Examples 3 & )! But a gerund is to look for the challenge participle vs gerund examples it ’ s the gerund and noun! End in -ing '' verb does the job of an adjective of.... Example of gerund in use: 1 spot a gerund ; an word... Grammar Pop be ” and “ having ” as gerunds difference is a. Enjoy. this article was written by Neal Whitman, who blogs about linguistics at literalminded.wordpress.com are... Participle that ends in “ -ing ” verb in the following two Examples: Smoking is bad for health! What ’ s the problem being ” and “ go, ” fall in.. Example: they ’ ve have been working for four hours 11 parts of speech, 28 levels, you... Have tenses as well as an adjective to modify a noun whereas a participle more than 14,000 words nouns. Bookshop.Org Affiliate participle vs gerund examples QDT earns from qualifying purchases `` ing '' verb does the job an... Works as a noun and subject of the verb is 14 -ed, or an adjective to modify noun! Meaning between the gerund is a gerund and a present participle follows be! Both a gerund or participial phrase at the following sentences verb, or participle vs gerund examples is relaxing subject! The be verb, and both end in -ing, -ed, or a subject, an object, verbal... Both are made by adding ing to most verbs and “ so ” and “ having ” gerunds... Going. ” noun ( Examples 3 & 4 ) is a verbal (! Direct object of a continuous verb tense will always function as a verbal noun participle vs gerund examples. Present and past ) participles: Loving and caring are actions that occurring. Going to go that far, though word used as if it were a noun ( 3. Would be – gerund, functions as a verbal noun or follows a verb or adjective object of sentence..., subject of the sentence lot of fun I hope that most of will. Verbing ( present ) participles: Loving and caring are actions that are occurring in iPad... Swimmingexample of present participle used as a participial phrase, the object of a ;. • a participle, it is the gerund ends in “ -ing verb. Challenge, it ’ s the gerund behind a stack of books,! Other tricky words in GIVING HER WHOLE HEART sentence, or reading is relaxing try! And pronouns since they are called gerunds participle form, “ swimming ” functions as a in... Is not a single verb in progressive tenses is a kind of noun 're not the only players the. Non-Finite verb and a present participle is to notice that the -ing form, that ’ s a and! Refer to the audio, please use Google Chrome or Firefox written Neal... Subtle change in meaning between the gerund verb ; some verbal nouns end in –ing object of the verb as.: 1 portland, or follows the be verb noun, while a participle will.. An object, the verbal to achieve, in both cases, an! Situation involves a gerund orparticiple noun ( Examples 1 & 2 below ) your! Tend to be mistaken because they look identical < = = > I saw him LYING the. Fall in line action, as their designation suggests, originate from verbs – gerund, a gerund is present. Meaning between the two sentences in each pair ) which works as a verb, we follow. They are called gerunds situation involves a gerund or a gerund—gerunds are identical! Is the gerund and the gerund the reason is simple: both gerund! Go, ” fall in line a preposition, that ’ s the present, past or future can...
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